7361-61-7

Description

Xylazine is an agonist of α2-adrenergic receptors (Ki = 194 nM). It is an analog of clonidine, an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist used to reduce blood pressure. Xylazine is used for sedation, anesthesia, and analgesia in non-human mammals. This product is also available as an analytical reference standard .

Originator

Xylazine,Bayer

Uses

Antinociceptive;Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist

Uses

Xylazine is an α2 class of adrenergic receptor agonist. Xylazine is a clonidine analoque that acts on presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors as an a 2-adrenergic agonist.

Manufacturing Process

2,6-Dimethylphenyl isothiocyanate, 31.0 g (0.2 mole), prepared from 2,6- dimethylaniline with thiophosgene, were added dropwise during 15 min to a well-stirred suspension of 15.0 g (0.2 mole) of 3-aminopropanol-1 in 100 ml of ether. The ether started to boil. Stirring under reflux was continued for 30 min, and the ether was then distilled off. The residue was treated with 100 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid and boiled under reflux for 30 min. After cooling, it was diluted with water, filtered free from impurities, and the base was precipitated by the addition of concentrated sodium hydroxide solution. When recrystallized from benzene-ligroin, the resulting compound 2-(2,6- dimethyl-phenylamino)-4H-5,6-dihydro-1,3-thiazine, melting point 140-142°C (yield 90% of the theoretical).

Therapeutic Function

Analgesic, Anesthetic

General Description

Xylazine is soluble in methanol (50 mg/ml), yielding a clear, colorless solution. It is also soluble in dilute HCl acid and in chloroform. Xylazine is practically insoluble in water and in alkali solutions.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Xylazine when used along with ketamine is considered to be a potent and safe anaesthetic in experimental animal. It is known to elevate the hepatic release of glucose, which aggravates to hyperglycemia.

Mechanism of action

Xylazine is marketed as its hydrochloride salt as Rompun (100 mg/mL) and Anased (20 mg/mL) injectable solutions for intravenous administration to horses and dogs, respectively. The actions of xylazine may be reversed by the administration of yohimbine, an indolalkylamine alkaloid, that blocks those α2- adrenoreceptors that are stimulated by xylazine.

Safety Profile

Poison by ingestion, subcutaneous, and intravenous routes. Human systemic effects: change in motor activity, fall in blood pressure, miosis, pleural thickening, pulse rate decrease, somnolence. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx and SOx.

InChI:InChI=1/C12H16N2S/c1-9-5-3-6-10(2)11(9)14-12-13-7-4-8-15-12/h3,5-6H,4,7-8H2,1-2H3,(H,13,14)